Introduction
If you’re planning to take the Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) N5, you’re probably wondering what vocabulary you need to know. The N5 is the easiest level, but that doesn’t mean you can skip studying! A strong vocabulary foundation is crucial for understanding basic conversations, reading simple sentences, and passing the exam.
In this guide, we’ll break down the must-know JLPT N5 vocabulary, provide practical learning tips, and share insights to help you study smarter. Whether you’re a beginner or just brushing up, this post will set you on the right path.
Why Vocabulary Matters for the JLPT N5
The JLPT N5 tests your ability to understand basic Japanese in everyday situations. Vocabulary makes up a big part of the exam—you’ll need around 800 words to feel confident. These words cover:
✅ Greetings & Daily Conversations (e.g., こんにちは – Konnichiwa – Hello)
✅ Numbers, Time & Dates (e.g., 一 ichi – One, 月曜日 Getsuyōbi – Monday)
✅ Common Verbs & Adjectives (e.g., 食べる taberu – to eat, 大きい ōkii – big)
✅ Basic Kanji (e.g., 人 hito – person, 山 yama – mountain)
Without a solid vocabulary base, even simple sentences will be tough. But don’t worry—we’ll make it easier!
Must-Know JLPT N5 Vocabulary Categories
1. Everyday Greetings & Polite Phrases
These are the first words you’ll use in real-life conversations:
- こんにちは (Konnichiwa) – Hello
- ありがとう (Arigatō) – Thank you
- すみません (Sumimasen) – Excuse me / I’m sorry
- おはようございます (Ohayō gozaimasu) – Good morning
- さようなら (Sayōnara) – Goodbye
Pro Tip: Practice these daily—even if just talking to yourself!
2. Numbers & Counting
Japanese numbers are essential for shopping, telling time, and more:
- 1-10: 一 (ichi), 二 (ni), 三 (san), 四 (shi/yon), 五 (go), 六 (roku), 七 (shichi/nana), 八 (hachi), 九 (kyū/ku), 十 (jū)
- Time: 今何時ですか？ (Ima nanji desu ka?) – What time is it now?
- Days of the Week: 月曜日 (Getsuyōbi – Monday), 火曜日 (Kayōbi – Tuesday), etc.
Free Resource: Tofugu’s Japanese Number Guide
3. Common Verbs (Action Words)
Verbs are the backbone of sentences. Here are some N5 essentials:
- する (suru) – to do
- 行く (iku) – to go
- 食べる (taberu) – to eat
- 飲む (nomu) – to drink
- 見る (miru) – to see/watch
Practice Tip: Use flashcards or apps like Anki to memorize these faster.
4. Basic Adjectives (Describing Words)
Adjectives help you describe things:
- 大きい (ōkii) – big
- 小さい (chiisai) – small
- 高い (takai) – expensive / tall
- 安い (yasui) – cheap
- 楽しい (tanoshii) – fun
Sentence Example:
この本は高いです。 (Kono hon wa takai desu.) – This book is expensive.
5. Essential Kanji for N5
While N5 doesn’t require advanced kanji, you should know around 100 basic ones, such as:
- 人 (hito/jin) – person
- 山 (yama) – mountain
- 川 (kawa) – river
- 日 (nichi/hi) – day / sun
- 月 (getsu/tsuki) – month / moon
Study Hack: Learn kanji with mnemonics—check out WaniKani for a fun way to memorize them.
How to Study JLPT N5 Vocabulary Effectively
1. Use Flashcards (Spaced Repetition)
Apps like Anki or Memrise help reinforce memory by showing words at optimal intervals.
2. Practice with Real-Life Examples
- Label household items with sticky notes (e.g., ドア doa – door).
- Watch beginner-friendly Japanese shows like “Nihongo Dekiru” on NHK.
3. Take Mock Tests
Test yourself with free JLPT N5 practice tests from:
4. Speak & Listen Daily
- Use language exchange apps like HelloTalk to chat with native speakers.
- Listen to Japanese podcasts like “Learn Japanese Pod”.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
❌ Ignoring Kanji – Even basic kanji appear in N5. Don’t skip them!
❌ Only Memorizing Words – Practice using them in sentences.
❌ Cramming Last Minute – Consistency beats cramming. Study daily!
Final Thoughts
Mastering JLPT N5 vocabulary is the first step toward fluency. By focusing on essential words, kanji, and practical usage, you’ll build confidence for the exam—and real-life conversations.
Need more JLPT tips? Check out our other guides:
- JLPT N5 Grammar Guide
- Best Apps to Learn Japanese
- JLPT N5 Exam Fee: Costs in Japan and Overseas Test Locations
Now, grab your flashcards and start practicing—がんばってください! (Good luck!)
Did you find this guide helpful? Share it with fellow learners and drop a comment below with your favorite study method!
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